@Article{Richter_Zoephel_Schermuly-Chara_CRISP_RNA-NAR2012,
  author =	 {Richter, Hagen and Zoephel, Judith and Schermuly, Jeanette 
                  and Maticzka, Daniel and Backofen, Rolf and Randau, Lennart},
  title =	 {Characterization of {CRISPR} {RNA} processing in 
                  {Clostridium} thermocellum and {Methanococcus} maripaludis},
  journal =	 NAR,
  year =	 {2012},
  volume =	 {40},
  number =	 {19},
  pages =	 {9887-96},
  user =	 {maticzkd},
  pmid =	 {22879377},
  doi = 	 {10.1093/nar/gks737},
  issn = 	 {1362-4962},
  issn = 	 {0305-1048},
  abstract =	 {The CRISPR arrays found in many bacteria and most archaea 
                  are transcribed into a long precursor RNA that is processed 
                  into small clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic 
                  repeats (CRISPR) RNAs (crRNAs). These RNA molecules can 
                  contain fragments of viral genomes and mediate, together 
                  with a set of CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, the 
                  prokaryotic immunity against viral attacks. CRISPR/Cas 
                  systems are diverse and the Cas6 enzymes that process crRNAs 
                  vary between different subtypes. We analysed CRISPR/Cas 
                  subtype I-B and present the identification of novel Cas6 
                  enzymes from the bacterial and archaeal model organisms 
                  Clostridium thermocellum and Methanococcus maripaludis C5. 
                  Methanococcus maripaludis Cas6b in vitro activity and 
                  specificity was determined. Two complementary catalytic 
                  histidine residues were identified. RNA-Seq analyses 
                  revealed in vivo crRNA processing sites, crRNA abundance and 
                  orientation of CRISPR transcription within these two 
                  organisms. Individual spacer sequences were identified with 
                  strong effects on transcription and processing patterns of a 
                  CRISPR cluster. These effects will need to be considered for 
                  the application of CRISPR clusters that are designed to 
                  produce synthetic crRNAs.}
}