@Article{Preissl_Schwaderer_Raulf-Decip_the_Epige-2015,
  author =	 {Preissl, Sebastian and Schwaderer, Martin and Raulf, 
                  Alexandra and Hesse, Michael and Gr\"{u}ning, Bjorn A. and 
                  Kobele, Claudia and Backofen, Rolf and Fleischmann, Bernd K. 
                  and Hein, Lutz and Gilsbach, Ralf},
  title =	 {Deciphering the {Epigenetic} {Code} of {Cardiac} {Myocyte} 
                  {Transcription}},
  journal =	 {Circ Res},
  year =	 {2015},
  volume =	 {117},
  number =	 {},
  pages =	 {413-423},
  user =	 {kousik},
  pmid =	 {26105955},
  doi = 	 {10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.306337},
  issn = 	 {1524-4571},
  issn = 	 {0009-7330},
  abstract =	 {RATIONALE: Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for cell 
                  identity and transcriptional control. The heart consists of 
                  different cell types including cardiac myocytes, endothelial 
                  cells, fibroblasts and others. Therefore, cell type-specific 
                  analysis is needed to gain mechanistic insight into the 
                  regulation of gene expression in cardiac myocytes. While 
                  cytosolic mRNA represents steady-state levels, nuclear mRNA 
                  more closely reflects transcriptional activity. To unravel 
                  epigenetic mechanisms of transcriptional control, cell 
                  type-specific analysis of nuclear mRNA and epigenetic 
                  modifications is crucial. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to purify 
                  cardiac myocyte nuclei from hearts of different species by 
                  magnetic- or fluorescent-assisted sorting and to determine 
                  the nuclear and cellular RNA expression profiles and 
                  epigenetic marks in a cardiac myocyte-specific manner. 
                  METHODS AND RESULTS: Frozen cardiac tissue samples were used 
                  to isolate cardiac myocyte nuclei. High sorting purity was 
                  confirmed for cardiac myocyte nuclei isolated from mice, 
                  rats and humans. Deep sequencing of nuclear RNA revealed a 
                  major fraction of nascent, unspliced RNA in contrast to 
                  results obtained from purified cardiac myocytes. Cardiac 
                  myocyte nuclear and cellular RNA expression profiles showed 
                  differences especially for metabolic genes. Genome-wide maps 
                  of the transcriptional elongation mark H3K36me3 were 
                  generated by chromatin-immunoprecipitation. Transcriptome 
                  and epigenetic data confirmed the high degree of cardiac 
                  myocyte-specificity of our protocol. An integrative analysis 
                  of nuclear mRNA and histone mark occurrence indicated a 
                  major impact of the chromatin state on transcriptional 
                  activity in cardiac myocytes. CONCLUSIONS: This study 
                  establishes cardiac myocyte-specific sorting of nuclei as a 
                  universal method to investigate epigenetic and 
                  transcriptional processes in cardiac myocytes of different 
                  origins. These data sets provide novel insight into cardiac 
                  myocyte transcription.}
}